Four Color Theorem

Author

Derek Sollberger

Published

December 1, 2025

Goal

Here, I hope to learn about the reasonably understand the proof(s) of the Four-Color Theorem. I myself have a master’s degree in applied mathematics, but it has been many years since I have taken Abstract Algebra. Also, I never got far into topology.

Now, I am hoping to use artificial intelligence tools to help me

  • state the Four-Color Theorem
  • summarize the history of its solving
  • outline a study plan to approach the materials (proofs and lemmas)
  • form examples to understand the abstract algebra concepts
sessionInfo()
R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19045)

Matrix products: default
  LAPACK version 3.12.1

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8    

time zone: America/New_York
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] htmlwidgets_1.6.4 compiler_4.5.1    fastmap_1.2.0     cli_3.6.5        
 [5] tools_4.5.1       htmltools_0.5.8.1 rstudioapi_0.17.1 yaml_2.3.10      
 [9] rmarkdown_2.29    knitr_1.50        jsonlite_2.0.0    xfun_0.52        
[13] digest_0.6.37     rlang_1.1.6       evaluate_1.0.4